Query: NC_017179:281069 Clostridium difficile BI1, complete genome
Start: 281069, End: 304479, Length: 23411
Host Lineage: Peptoclostridium difficile; Peptoclostridium; Peptostreptococcaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria
General Information: Clostridium difficile BI1 is a human strain isolated in the United States in 1988. This species is now recognized as the major causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis (inflammation of the colon) and diarrhea that may occur following antibiotic treatment. C. difficile infection represents one of the most common nosocomial (originating in a hospital) infections. This bacterium causes a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from mild, self-limiting diarrhea to serious diarrhea and, in some cases, complications such as pseudomembrane formation, toxic megacolon (dilation of the colon) and peritonitis, which often lead to lethality among patients. The bacteria produce high molecular mass polypeptide cytotoxins, A and B. Some strains produce only one of the toxins, others produce both. Toxin A causes inflammatory reaction involving hypersecretion of fluid and hemorrhagic necrosis through triggering cytokine release by neutrophils. Cytotoxin B depolymerizes actin, the major protein of the cytoskeleton, and thus aids in destruction of tissues. The combined action of the toxins results in necrosis of superficial epithelium and edema (fluidic swelling) in affected areas of intestine. Proliferation of C. difficile is normally prevented by normal intestinal microflora, which is believed to inhibit attachment of the bacterium and its toxins to intestinal walls. Alteration of intestinal microbial balance with antibiotic therapy and increased exposure to the bacterium in a hospital setting allows C. difficile to colonize susceptible individuals. Moreover, it has been shown that subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics promote increased toxin production by C. difficile.
Islands with an asterisk (*) contain ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!
Subject Island | Start | End | Length | Subject Host Description | E-value | Bit score | Visual BLASTN | Visual BLASTP |
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NC_010723:1084000 | 1084000 | 1106302 | 22303 | Clostridium botulinum E3 str. Alaska E43, complete genome | 5e-54 | 220 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_020291:1266885 | 1266885 | 1307372 | 40488 | Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4(HMT), complete genome | 7e-41 | 176 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010674:1124431 | 1124431 | 1145531 | 21101 | Clostridium botulinum B str. Eklund 17B, complete genome | 1e-39 | 172 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_008593:1631438 | 1631438 | 1650596 | 19159 | Clostridium novyi NT, complete genome | 2e-38 | 168 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_003366:842000 | 842000 | 860474 | 18475 | Clostridium perfringens str. 13, complete genome | 1e-36 | 163 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_008262:784878* | 784878 | 829910 | 45033 | Clostridium perfringens SM101, complete genome | 2e-34 | 155 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_021182:2059143* | 2059143 | 2082390 | 23248 | Clostridium pasteurianum BC1, complete genome | 5e-23 | 117 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010516:2877407* | 2877407 | 2898453 | 21047 | Clostridium botulinum B1 str. Okra, complete genome | 8e-22 | 113 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_015958:815442 | 815442 | 838146 | 22705 | Thermoanaerobacter wiegelii Rt8.B1 chromosome, complete genome | 3e-18 | 101 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_018607:135612* | 135612 | 177402 | 41791 | Brachyspira pilosicoli B2904 chromosome, complete genome | 3e-15 | 91.7 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010380:124655 | 124655 | 150982 | 26328 | Streptococcus pneumoniae Hungary19A-6, complete genome | 5e-14 | 87.7 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_014614:356746 | 356746 | 406010 | 49265 | Clostridium sticklandii, complete genome | 2e-13 | 85.7 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_015565:2736500 | 2736500 | 2772939 | 36440 | Desulfotomaculum carboxydivorans CO-1-SRB chromosome, complete | 2e-10 | 75.8 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_014328:938393 | 938393 | 957810 | 19418 | Clostridium ljungdahlii ATCC 49587 chromosome, complete genome | 7e-10 | 73.8 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_003030:1510000 | 1510000 | 1545434 | 35435 | Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, complete genome | 3e-09 | 71.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_008261:551513* | 551513 | 574202 | 22690 | Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, complete genome | 4e-08 | 67.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_013961:2260250* | 2260250 | 2289837 | 29588 | Erwinia amylovora, complete genome | 2e-07 | 65.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_015578:1807428 | 1807428 | 1845331 | 37904 | Treponema primitia ZAS-2 chromosome, complete genome | 7e-07 | 63.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010939:1633000* | 1633000 | 1661403 | 28404 | Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 str. AP76, complete | 7e-07 | 63.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010674:3619722 | 3619722 | 3640302 | 20581 | Clostridium botulinum B str. Eklund 17B, complete genome | 7e-07 | 63.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_004193:783958 | 783958 | 802006 | 18049 | Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831, complete genome | 7e-07 | 63.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_004061:31500* | 31500 | 55499 | 24000 | Buchnera aphidicola str. Sg (Schizaphis graminum), complete genome | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_004342:1648977 | 1648977 | 1667239 | 18263 | Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai str. 56601 chromosome I, | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_005966:69689 | 69689 | 91195 | 21507 | Acinetobacter sp. ADP1, complete genome | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_009848:3190619 | 3190619 | 3218858 | 28240 | Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032, complete genome | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010001:4250828 | 4250828 | 4272651 | 21824 | Clostridium phytofermentans ISDg, complete genome | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_005823:2566588 | 2566588 | 2585375 | 18788 | Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni str. Fiocruz L1-130 | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
AP010958:2504072 | 2504072 | 2535593 | 31522 | Escherichia coli O103:H2 str. 12009 DNA, complete genome | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |