Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_010723 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_010723:1084000 Clostridium botulinum E3 str. Alaska E43, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This strain was probably isolated from salmon eggs associated with a foodborne case of botulism in Alaska, however the exact details are not available. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.


StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10840541084860807amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10848761085517642L-cystine transport system permease protein TcyBQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10855341086214681ATP-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10863651086520156hypothetical proteinBLASTP
108662510878811257voltage gated chloride channel familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10879851088875891oxidoreductase YdhFQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
108913510928813747phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10932901093769480phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase catalytic subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10937691094476708phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
109461910960191401amidophosphoribosyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
109602910970301002phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10970181097632615phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
109778210992871506bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PurHQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
109953911007891251phosphoribosylamine--glycine ligaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11008881101361474hypothetical proteinBLASTP
11016011102041441hypothetical proteinBLASTP
11022841102757474hypothetical proteinBLASTP
110291011063023393hypothetical proteinBLASTP