Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_012563 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_012563:122000 Clostridium botulinum A2 str. Kyoto, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This strain was isolated from a case of infant botulism in Kyoto, Japan in 1978. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1223301254463117isoleucine--tRNA ligaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
125597126595999transcriptional regulator LacI familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1268111308634053hypothetical proteinBLASTP
1309381320051068putative mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferasemannose-6-phosphate isomeraseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1323411336301290hypothetical proteinBLASTP
133635134441807hypothetical protein TIGR00268QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
134461135207747hypothetical proteinBLASTP
1354321368141383radical SAM domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1370011382751275putative arabinose-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1383771394921116putative mannosyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1396581406681011spore coat protein CotS familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
140683140877195hypothetical protein
140904141671768hypothetical proteinBLASTP
1416841426971014spore coat protein CotS familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1430511441781128glycosyl transferase group 1 familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP