Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_017297 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_017297:3878540 Clostridium botulinum F str. 230613 chromosome, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
387854038799851446MazG family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
388000038815351536stage V sporulation protein BQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
38816683882219552stage V sporulation protein TQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
388241838834281011foldase protein PrsAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
388351238870183507transcription-repair coupling factorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
38870463887615570aminoacyl-tRNA hydrolaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
388772538888971173putative proteaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
388893238903411410sensor histidine kinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
38903423891028687DNA-binding response regulatorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
38912083892167960ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
389218838935611374UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
38937243894011288stage V sporulation protein GQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
38941143894929816pur operon repressorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
389512938965051377UDP-N-acetylmuramate--L-alanine ligaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
38965703896878309hypothetical proteinBLASTP