Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_008262 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_008262:2649289 Clostridium perfringens SM101, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This is a enterotoxin-producing food poisoning strain. Causative agent of gas gangrene. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Known opportunistic toxin-producing pathogens in animals and humans. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. This organism is a causative agent of a wide spectrum of necrotic enterotoxicoses. It also causes such animal diseases as lamb dysentery, ovine enterotoxemia (struck), pulpy kidney disease in lambs and other enterotoxemias in lambs and calves. It is commonly found in the environment (soil, sewage) and in the animal and human gastrointestinal tract as a member of the normal microflora. It is a fast growing (generation time 8-10 min) anaerobic flesh-eater. Active fermentative growth is accompanied by profuse generation of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide. It is also oxygen tolerant which makes it an easy object to work with in laboratories. C. perfringens have been developed and the species became a model organism in clostridial genetic studies. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. All types produce the alpha toxin (phospholipase C). Type A strains that cause gas gangrene produce alpha toxin, theta (hemolysin), kappa (collagenase), mu (hyaluronidase), nu (DNAse) and neuraminidase which are all the enzymatic factors aiding the bacterium in invading and destruction of the host tissues. Type C strains produce alpha toxin, beta toxin and prefringolysin enteritis. In addition to alpha toxin, Type B strains produce beta toxin, types B and D produce the pore forming epsilon toxin and type E strains produce iota toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26492892650017729glucosamine-6-phosphate isomeraseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26500142650736723transcriptional regulator GntR familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26511942651421228GlutaredoxinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
265154426529921449NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26530092653242234Glutaredoxin-like protein YruB-familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26532452654183939thioredoxin-disulfide reductaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
265445826569022445negative regulator of genetic competence MecBClpCQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
265692726579401014ATPguanido phosphotransferase domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26579242658451528hypothetical proteinBLASTP
26584712658926456transcriptional repressorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26591432659796654zinc-dependent hydrolase putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26599112660120210ferredoxin fdxAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26602502661155906PSP1 domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26611582662081924DNA polymerase III delta prime subunit putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26621032662432330hypothetical proteinBLASTP
26625892662744156hypothetical proteinBLASTP
26627612663351591guanylate kinase-like proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
266359826649951398OrnLysArg decarboxylaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26650462665222177putative csfB proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
266537826665471170amidohydrolase-like proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26665762667073498hypothetical proteinBLASTP
26673482668292945magnesium and cobalt transporterQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26683842669265882mccF-like proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2669636266971075tRNA-CysQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2669715266979076tRNA-PheQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26702892670738450BLASTP
26709092671340432BLASTP
2672204267227875tRNA-AsnQuickGO ontology
2675457267553377tRNA-IleQuickGO ontology
2675539267561476tRNA-AlaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
267779426791701377UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
267948126805241044radical SAM domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
268076426820051242glutamate synthase beta subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26820982682967870LD-carboxypeptidase family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
268315926845621404glycyl-tRNA synthetaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2685021268509575tRNA-AsnQuickGO ontology
268525026867551506lysyl-tRNA synthetaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26867812687257477transcription elongation factor GreAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26875362688516981putative dihydrouridine synthaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26885232689302780transcriptional activator putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
268950526911751671formate--tetrahydrofolate ligaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
269137626931811806ATP-dependent metalloprotease FtsHQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26932562693807552hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
269381026952191410tRNAIle-lysidine synthetaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
269543426978242391stage II sprulation protein E putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2698146269823489tRNA-LeuQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2698251269832777tRNA-MetQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2698331269840676tRNA-MetQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2698414269850289tRNA-LeuQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2698519269859577tRNA-MetQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2698599269867476tRNA-MetQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2698681269876989tRNA-LeuQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26991302699534405RNA-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
26995942699986393cell division protein FtsL putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27002512700385135hypothetical protein
27003952700682288sporulation protein YabPQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27008022701062261S4 domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27011702701445276DNA-binding protein HUQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
270166227031131452MazG family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
270314427046761533stage V sporulation protein BQuickGO ontologyBLASTP