Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_012563 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_012563:3580000 Clostridium botulinum A2 str. Kyoto, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This strain was isolated from a case of infant botulism in Kyoto, Japan in 1978. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
358011435820211908threonine--tRNA ligaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35823693583268900putative sporulation protein YtxCQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35834233584130708hypothetical proteinBLASTP
358433835859091572ABC transporter permease proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35859113586606696ABC transporter ATP-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
3586923358699674tRNA-CysQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
3587006358708075tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontology
3587084358716178tRNA-PheQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
3587163358724179tRNA-AspQuickGO ontology
3587246358732176tRNA-ValQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
3587386358827689133 kDa chaperoninQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35883143589054741hypothetical proteinBLASTP
35891403589412273small acid-soluble spore proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35897223590681960oligopeptidedipeptide ABC transporter ATP-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
359068135917001020oligopeptidedipeptide ABC transporter ATP-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35917153592632918oligopeptidedipeptide ABC transporter permease proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35926483593577930oligopeptidedipeptide ABC transporter permease proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
359365835953401683oligopeptidedipeptide ABC transporter oligopeptidedipeptide-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35958243596816993aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35968393597717879dihydrodipicolinate synthaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
35979403598695756dihydrodipicolinate reductaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
359900936001721164aminotransferase classes I and IIQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
36004303601140711putative 2345-tetrahydropyridine-26-dicarboxylate N-succinyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
36012563601957702single-strand binding domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
36020353602532498hypothetical protein