Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_012563 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_012563:1 Clostridium botulinum A2 str. Kyoto, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This strain was isolated from a case of infant botulism in Kyoto, Japan in 1978. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
15714941338chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
175728601104DNA polymerase III beta chainQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
28793085207S4 domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
316442581095DNA replication and repair protein RecFQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
42794542264hypothetical proteinBLASTP
456064731914DNA gyrase B subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
649990392541DNA gyrase A subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
945410955150216S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1118214083290223S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
14177142931175S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
143031438179tRNA-MetQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
143831446078tRNA-AlaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1462415076453hypothetical proteinBLASTP
1509215613522transcriptional regulator biotin repressor familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
15615167781164iron-sulfur cluster-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
16783194642682hypothetical proteinBLASTP