Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_009089 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_009089:117980 Clostridium difficile 630, complete genome

Host Lineage: Peptoclostridium difficile; Peptoclostridium; Peptostreptococcaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This strain is the epidemic type X variant that has been extensively studied in research and clinical laboratories. It produces both toxin A, and B. Causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. This species is now recognized as the major causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis (inflammation of the colon) and diarrhea that may occur following antibiotic treatment. This bacterium causes a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from mild, self-limiting diarrhea to serious diarrhea and, in some cases, complications such as pseudomembrane formation, toxic megacolon (dilation of the colon) and peritonitis, which often lead to lethality among patients. The bacteria produce high molecular mass polypeptide cytotoxins, A and B. Some strains produce only one of the toxins, others produce both. Toxin A causes inflammatory reaction involving hypersecretion of fluid and hemorrhagic necrosis through triggering cytokine release by neutrophils. Alteration of intestinal microbial balance with antibiotic therapy and increased exposure to the bacterium in a hospital setting allows C. difficile to colonize susceptible individuals. Moreover, it has been shown that subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics promote increased toxin production by C. difficile.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11798011832134250S ribosomal protein L17QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
118441119274834ABC transporter ATP-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
119262120128867ABC transporter ATP-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
120122120925804ABC transporter permease proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
120957121688732tRNA pseudouridine synthase 1QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12180812223943250S ribosomal protein L13QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12226812266039330S ribosomal protein S9QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
123166123870705germination-specific N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
124057125687163116S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12571212578473tRNA-AlaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
126162129112295123S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1291921293081175S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12931512938672tRNA-AsnQuickGO ontology
12939412946572tRNA-GluQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12947412954673tRNA-ValQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12955512962874tRNA-AspQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12964212971372tRNA-ThrQuickGO ontology
12973112981282tRNA-TyrQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12982512989571tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontology
12990912998274tRNA-ArgQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12999513006773tRNA-GlnQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13008213015473tRNA-LysQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13016013024586tRNA-SerQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13026613035388tRNA-SerQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13036513043874tRNA-ProQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13052713059973tRNA-TrpQuickGO ontology
13066313073674tRNA-ProQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13074613081974tRNA-IleQuickGO ontology
13082613089873tRNA-PheQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13090913098274tRNA-MetQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
131004132634163116S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13265913273173tRNA-AlaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
133109136060295223S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1361331362491175S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1364631376471185aspartate aminotransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1380201403712352anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
140393140932540anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase activating proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
141620143244162516S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
14326914334173tRNA-AlaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
143658146608295123S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1467571468731175S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
14687914696486tRNA-LeuQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
14697914705274tRNA-MetQuickGO ontology
147075148699162516S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
14872414879673tRNA-AlaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
149052152004295323S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1520771521931175S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
15220115227272tRNA-AsnQuickGO ontology
15228115236686tRNA-LeuQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
15238215245473tRNA-MetQuickGO ontology
15246515253672tRNA-GluQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
15255415262471tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontology
15263315270573tRNA-ValQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
15271415278774tRNA-AspQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
15280115287272tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontology
15288515295874tRNA-ArgQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
153933154772840hypothetical proteinBLASTP
1547691559501182hypothetical proteinBLASTP
155947156066120hypothetical proteinBLASTP
156254157156903phosphate butyryltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1571781582571080butyrate kinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
158247158924678putative ATPGTP-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
158967159182216ferredoxinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1592111602901080putative oxidoreductase thiamine diP-binding subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
160290161042753putative subunit of oxidoreductaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
161043161600558putative subunit of oxidoreductaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1617101631161407phosphoglucomutasephosphomannomutase mutaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP