Query: NC_016510:2991687 Flavobacterium columnare ATCC 49512 chromosome, complete genome
Lineage: Flavobacterium columnare; Flavobacterium; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriales; Bacteroidetes; Bacteria
General Information: Isolated in 1987 from a skin lesion of a brown trout fry in France. Fish pathogen. Purified genomic DNA obtained from ATCC 49512 F. columnare is considered ubiquitous in the warmwater aquatic environment, and it is the causative agent of columnaris disease in fish. Columnaris disease is common throughout the world and infects most species of freshwater fish, including aquaculture species, wild fish populations, and ornamental fish.
Subject: NC_007384:4095016 Shigella sonnei Ss046, complete genome
Lineage: Shigella sonnei; Shigella; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: This strain is an isolate from an epidemic in China in the 1950s. A leading cause of dysentery. This genus is named for the Japanese scientist (Shiga) who first discovered these organisms in the 1890s. They are closely related to the Escherichia group, and may be considered the same species. These organisms are human-specific pathogens that are transmitted via contaminated food and water and are the leading causes of endemic bacillary dysentery, causing over 160 million cases of infection and 1 million deaths yearly worldwide. The bacteria infect the epithelial lining of the colon, causing acute inflammation by entering the host cell cytoplasm and spreading intercellularly. This extremely virulent organisms that can cause an active infection after a very low exposure. Both the type III secretion system, which delivers effector molecules into the host cell, and some of the translocated effectors such as the invasion plasmid antigens (Ipas), are encoded on the plasmid. The bacterium produces a surface protein that localizes to one pole of the cell (IcsA) which binds to and promotes actin polymerization, resulting in movement of the bacterium through the cell cytoplasm, and eventually to neighboring cells, which results in inflammatory destruction of the mucosal lining. This organism is the leading cause of dysentery in industrialized countries. The disease is usually less severe than other types of Shigella, causing mild diarrhea and dehydration.