Query: NC_014483:3498395 Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Paenibacillus; Paenibacillaceae; Bacillales; Firmicutes; Bacteria General Information: Paenibacillus polymyxa was isolated from soil and is a member of a group of free-living soil bacteria known to promote plant growth and suppress plant pathogens. Plants treated with Paenibacillus polymyxa have increased resistance to plant pathogens and increased drought resistance. This organism has been shown to produce a number of compounds with antifungal or antibacterial activity.
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General Information: This strain probably caused lethal anthrax in chimpanzee Leo in the rainforest of the Tai National Park, Cote d'Ivoire. It belongs to a collection of genetically closely related bacteria, isolated in 2001 and 2002 from deceased wild chimpanzees living in this rain forest area. An autopsy showed symptoms typical of anthrax, but the bacterium isolated was motile, unlike B.anthracis. This organism is a soil-dwelling opportunistic pathogen that causes food poisoning in infected individuals. The rapid onset is characterized by nausea and vomiting while the late onset is characterized by diarrhea and abdominal pain. The emetic disease is caused by a small stable dodecadepsipeptide cerulide whereas the diarrheal disease is caused by a heat labile enterotoxin. Some strains produce a potent cytotoxin that forms a pore in the membrane of eukaryotic cells and causes necrotic enteritis (death of intestinal epithelial cells) while the unique tripartite membrane lytic toxin hemolysin BL contributes to the diarrheal disease and destructive infections of the eye.