Query: NC_013457:979102 Vibrio sp. Ex25 chromosome 2, complete genome Lineage: Vibrio; Vibrio; Vibrionaceae; Vibrionales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Vibrio sp. EX25 was isolated from samples taken from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent community along the East Pacific Rise. Vibrio species represent a significant portion of the culturable heterotrophic bacteria of oceans, coastal waters and estuaries. Various species of this genus are devastating pathogens for finfish, shellfish and mammals.
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General Information: This organism was isolated from the blood of wild rats and from fleas obtained from wild rats. Transmission of these organisms is often through an insect vector. Once in a host, this intracellular pathogen is internalized by an actin-dependent mechanism, and primarily targets endothelial cells, although other cells can be infected. The proliferation of the vascular endothelium (bacillary angiomatosis) is characterisitic of Bartonella infection and results in multiplication of the bacterium's host cells. Infected macrophages are stimulated to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 1 beta, both of which promote angiogenesis. Endothelial cells are also stimulated to grow and divide by direct contact with bacterial cells. In addition, programmed cell death (apoptosis) of endothelial cells is inhibited, combatting a common mechanism eukaryotic cells use to deal with bacterial infection. Other pathogenicity factors include pili and outer membrane adhesins for attachment to host cells. This organism is genetically related to Bartonella elizabethae which was isolated from a case of endocarditis in a human.