Query: NC_012997:1446037 Teredinibacter turnerae T7901, complete genome Lineage: Teredinibacter turnerae; Teredinibacter; ; Alteromonadales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Teredinibacter turnerae was isolated from the gills of the wood-boring mollusc, Lyrodus pedicellatus. Dinitrogen-fixing, cellulolytic, endosymbiont. This organism is a rare example of a marine invertebrate symbiont that has been grown in pure culture. They have the unique ability to be able to both utilize cellulose as a sole carbon source and also to fix nitrogen.
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General Information: This genus is named for the Japanese scientist (Shiga) who discovered them in the 1890s. They are closely related to the Escherichia group, and may be considered the same species. Shigella spp. are human-specific pathogens that are transmitted via contaminated food and water and are the leading causes of endemic bacillary dysentery, and over 1 million deaths worldwide are attributed to them. The bacteria infect the epithelial lining of the colon, causing acute inflammation by entering the host cell cytoplasm and spreading intercellularly. are extremely virulent organisms that require very few cells in order to cause disease. Both the type III secretion system, which delivers effector molecules into the host cell, and some of the translocated effectors such as the invasion plasmid antigens (Ipas), are encoded on the plasmid. The bacterium produces a surface protein that localizes to one pole of the cell (IcsA) which binds to and promotes actin polymerization, resulting in movement of the bacterium through the cell cytoplasm, and eventually to neighboring cells, which results in inflammatory destruction of the mucosal lining. This organism, along with Shigella sonnei, is the major cause of shigellosis in industrialized countries and is responsible for endemic infections.