Query: NC_008528:610070 Oenococcus oeni PSU-1, complete genome Lineage: Oenococcus oeni; Oenococcus; Leuconostocaceae; Lactobacillales; Firmicutes; Bacteria General Information: This strain was isolated at Penn State University, USA and is used commercially for malolactic fermentation in wines. Lactic acid bacterium used in wine production. Oenococcus oeni is another member of the lactic acid bacteria and it occurs naturally in marshes and similar environments. It carries out malolactic conversion during secondary fermentation in wine production which is the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid with a concomitant rise in pH, making the wine microbiologically stable and enhancing the sensory properties of the wine (aroma, flavor, and texture). The organism's high tolerance to sulfite and ethanol mean that it will be the predominant organism in the wine at the end of fermentation where it cleans up the remaining sugars and converts the bitter-tasting malic acid.
- Sequence; - BLASTP hit: hover for score (Low score = Light, High score = Dark); - hypothetical protein; - cds: hover for description
General Information: This organism was isolated from the blood of wild rats and from fleas obtained from wild rats. Transmission of these organisms is often through an insect vector. Once in a host, this intracellular pathogen is internalized by an actin-dependent mechanism, and primarily targets endothelial cells, although other cells can be infected. The proliferation of the vascular endothelium (bacillary angiomatosis) is characterisitic of Bartonella infection and results in multiplication of the bacterium's host cells. Infected macrophages are stimulated to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 1 beta, both of which promote angiogenesis. Endothelial cells are also stimulated to grow and divide by direct contact with bacterial cells. In addition, programmed cell death (apoptosis) of endothelial cells is inhibited, combatting a common mechanism eukaryotic cells use to deal with bacterial infection. Other pathogenicity factors include pili and outer membrane adhesins for attachment to host cells. This organism is genetically related to Bartonella elizabethae which was isolated from a case of endocarditis in a human.