Query: NC_007794:2839239 Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444, complete genome Lineage: Novosphingobium aromaticivorans; Novosphingobium; Sphingomonadaceae; Sphingomonadales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This strain, also known as F199, was isolated from a sample obtained at a depth of 410 m from a borehole sample that was drilled at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, USA. Aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium. This organism is unusual in that it has glycosphingolipid in the cell envelope instead of the lipopolysaccharide found in most other gram negative organisms. It is typically isolated from a wide range of environmental sites.
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General Information: This strain is an isolate from an epidemic that took place in China in the 1950s. Causes dysentery. This genus is named for the Japanese scientist (Shiga) who first discovered these organisms in the 1890s. They are closely related to the Escherichia group, and may be considered the same species. These organisms are human-specific pathogens that are transmitted via contaminated food and water and are the leading causes of endemic bacillary dysentery, causing over 160 million cases of infection and 1 million deaths yearly worldwide. The bacteria infect the epithelial lining of the colon, causing acute inflammation by entering the host cell cytoplasm and spreading intercellularly. are extremely virulent organisms that can cause an active infection after a very low exposure. Both the type III secretion system, which delivers effector molecules into the host cell, and some of the translocated effectors such as the invasion plasmid antigens (Ipas), are encoded on the plasmid. The bacterium produces a surface protein that localizes to one pole of the cell (IcsA) which binds to and promotes actin polymerization, resulting in movement of the bacterium through the cell cytoplasm, and eventually to neighboring cells, which results in inflammatory destruction of the mucosal lining. Shigella boydii is uncommon except in India, where it was first isolated. Progression to clinical dysentery occurs in most patients infected with this organism.