Query: NC_007794:2839239 Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444, complete genome
Lineage: Novosphingobium aromaticivorans; Novosphingobium; Sphingomonadaceae; Sphingomonadales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: This strain, also known as F199, was isolated from a sample obtained at a depth of 410 m from a borehole sample that was drilled at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, USA. Aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium. This organism is unusual in that it has glycosphingolipid in the cell envelope instead of the lipopolysaccharide found in most other gram negative organisms. It is typically isolated from a wide range of environmental sites.
Subject: NC_005810:3493607 Yersinia pestis biovar Microtus str. 91001, complete genome
Lineage: Yersinia pestis; Yersinia; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: Causative agent of plague. Specific virulence factors are encoded within pathogenicity islands (PAIs) that are required for the invasive phenotype associated with Yersinia infections. One key virulence plasmid contained by the three human-specific pathogens is pCD1/pYv, which encodes a type III secretion system for the delivery of virulence proteins that contribute to internalization into the host cell. It is the causative agent of plague (bubonic and pulmonary) a devastating disease which has killed millions worldwide. The organism can be transmitted from rats to humans through the bite of an infected flea or from human-to-human through the air during widespread infection. Yersinia pestis is an extremely pathogenic organism that requires very few numbers in order to cause disease, and is often lethal if left untreated. The organism is enteroinvasive, and can survive and propagate in macrophages prior to spreading systemically throughout the host. Yersinia pestis consists of three biotypes or serovars, Antiqua, Mediavalis, and Orientalis, that are associated with three major pandemics throughout human history. pMT1 encodes a protein, murine toxin, that aids rat-to-human transmission by enhancing survival of the organism in the flea midgut. Yersinia pestis also contains a PAI on the chromosome that is similar to the SPI-2 PAI from Salmonella that allows intracellular survival in the organism.