Query: NC_013798:345339 Streptococcus gallolyticus UCN34, complete genome Lineage: Streptococcus gallolyticus; Streptococcus; Streptococcaceae; Lactobacillales; Firmicutes; Bacteria General Information: Isolated from a human case of endocarditis associated with colon cancer in Caen, France in 2001. Streptococci are non-motile, Gram-positive cocci with widely varying pathogenic potential that occur in pairs or chains. Streptococcus gallolyticus (strain UCN34, biotype I) is a commensal Gram-positive bacterium isolated from various habitats, including feces of many animals and from human clinical sources. S. gallolyticus is part of the rumen flora but also a cause of disease in ruminants as well as in birds (septicemia in pigeons, outbreaks in broiler flocks, or bovine mastitis). This is a tannin-degrading Streptococcus species. Strains have been isolated from various habitats, including feces of many animals and from human clinical sources. This organism can be a cause of infectious endocarditis.
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General Information: This strain is a virulent nonsporulating variant of strain Massachusetts used in vaccine production. Causes tetanus. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Known opportunistic toxin-producing pathogens in animals and humans. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. This organism causes tetanus (lockjaw) in humans. At the tissue level, the bacterium then releases an exotoxin called tetanospasmin that causes certain nervous system irregularities by means of retrograde tramsmission through neurons to the brain. If nervous impulses cannot be checked by normal inhibitory mechanisms, it produces the generalized muscular spasms characteristic of tetanus.