Query: NC_008528:610070 Oenococcus oeni PSU-1, complete genome
Lineage: Oenococcus oeni; Oenococcus; Leuconostocaceae; Lactobacillales; Firmicutes; Bacteria
General Information: This strain was isolated at Penn State University, USA and is used commercially for malolactic fermentation in wines. Lactic acid bacterium used in wine production. Oenococcus oeni is another member of the lactic acid bacteria and it occurs naturally in marshes and similar environments. It carries out malolactic conversion during secondary fermentation in wine production which is the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid with a concomitant rise in pH, making the wine microbiologically stable and enhancing the sensory properties of the wine (aroma, flavor, and texture). The organism's high tolerance to sulfite and ethanol mean that it will be the predominant organism in the wine at the end of fermentation where it cleans up the remaining sugars and converts the bitter-tasting malic acid.
Subject: NC_011961:528837 Thermomicrobium roseum DSM 5159 plasmid unnamed, complete sequence
Lineage: Thermomicrobium roseum; Thermomicrobium; Thermomicrobiaceae; Thermomicrobiales; Chloroflexi; Bacteria
General Information: Thermomicrobium roseum DSM 5159 was isolated from Yellowstone National Park, USA. Obligate thermophile with unusual cell wall structure. Thermomicrobium roseum is a red-pigmented, rod-shaped, Gram-negative extreme thermophile that possesses both an atypical cell wall composition and an unusual cell membrane that is composed entirely of long-chain 1,2-diols. Analyses of environmental sequences from hot spring environments show that T.roseum displays a low quantity but ubiquitous presence in top layers of microbial mats. Few standard housekeeping genes are found on the megaplasmid, however, it does encode a complete system for chemotaxis including both chemosensory components and an entire flagellar apparatus. T. roseum oxidizes CO aerobically, making it the first thermophile known to do so. In addition, is is propose that glycosylation of its carotenoids plays a crucial role in the adaptation of the cell membrane to this bacterium's thermophilic lifestyle. Because T. roseum is a deep-branching member of this phylum, eventhough this species is not photosynthetic, analysis of the genome provides some insight into the origins of photosynthesis in the Chloroflexi.