Query: NC_007297:1639954 Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS5005, complete genome Lineage: Streptococcus pyogenes; Streptococcus; Streptococcaceae; Lactobacillales; Firmicutes; Bacteria General Information: Isolated from an invasive case in Ontario. Causes tonsilitis. Streptococci are Gram-positive, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, catalase-negative cocci that occur in pairs or chains. Members of this genus vary widely in pathogenic potential. Most streptococci are facultative anaerobes, and some are obligate anaerobes. Serologic grouping is based on antigenic differences in cell wall carbohydrates, in cell wall pili-associated protein, and in the polysaccharide capsule in group B streptococci. This organism is a member of the normal human nasopharyngeal flora. S. pyogenes is a group A streptococcus and is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis. This organism is commonly referred to by the lay press as "flesh eating bacteria".
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General Information: This strain (SGSC 4150; ATCC BAA-1250) was isolated from a stool sample of an infected woman in Penang, Malaysia, May 16, 2002. This strain is susceptible to antibiotics, and was classified as serovar Paratyphi B because it was unable to metabolize D-tartrate. Causes enteric infections. This group of Enterobactericiae have pathogenic characteristics and are one of the most common causes of enteric infections (food poisoning) worldwide. They were named after the scientist Dr. Daniel Salmon who isolated the first organism, Salmonella choleraesuis, from the intestine of a pig. The presence of several pathogenicity islands (PAIs) that encode various virulence factors allows Salmonella spp. to colonize and infect host organisms. There are two important PAIs, Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2) that encode two different type III secretion systems for the delivery of effector molecules into the host cell that result in internalization of the bacteria which then leads to systemic spread.