Query: NC_004129:4333302 Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5, complete genome
Lineage: Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonadaceae; Pseudomonadales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: This strain can suppress the diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum which affect cotton plants. The production of a number of antibiotics (pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol) as well as the production of siderophores (which may affect the ability of competing organisms to obtain environmental iron) by this strain can inhibit phytopathogen growth such as the above-mentioned fungi. The genome of this organism contains a number of genes, estimated at 5.7 % of the chromosome, that encode proteins that are involved in secondary metabolism. A large number of repeat elements (REP) are also found in the genome in greater numbers than in related Pseudomonas spp.
Subject: NC_010658:1593137 Shigella boydii CDC 3083-94, complete genome
Lineage: Shigella boydii; Shigella; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: This strain (strain BS512; serotype 18) was originally isolated from a 12-year-old boy in Arizona, USA by Dr. Nancy Stockbine. It is a member of Group 1 as determined by limited sequence analysis and can invade HeLa cells. Pathogenicity and virulence have been verified during in vitro experimentation, and multiple plasmids are present in this strain. This genus is named for the Japanese scientist (Shiga) who first discovered these organisms in the 1890s. They are closely related to the Escherichia group, and may be considered the same species. These organisms are human-specific pathogens that are transmitted via contaminated food and water and are the leading causes of endemic bacillary dysentery, causing over 160 million cases of infection and 1 million deaths yearly worldwide. The bacteria infect the epithelial lining of the colon, causing acute inflammation by entering the host cell cytoplasm and spreading intercellularly. Shigella spp. are extremely virulent organisms that can cause an active infection after a very low exposure. Both the type III secretion system, which delivers effector molecules into the host cell, and some of the translocated effectors such as the invasion plasmid antigens (Ipas), are encoded on the plasmid. The bacterium produces a surface protein that localizes to one pole of the cell (IcsA) which binds to and promotes actin polymerization, resulting in movement of the bacterium through the cell cytoplasm, and eventually to neighboring cells, which results in inflammatory destruction of the mucosal lining. This species is uncommon except in India, where it was first isolated. Progression to clinical dysentery occurs in most patients infected with this organism.