Query: NC_003901:775500 Methanosarcina mazei Go1, complete genome Lineage: Methanosarcina mazei; Methanosarcina; Methanosarcinaceae; Methanosarcinales; Euryarchaeota; Archaea General Information: Methanosarcina mazei Go1 (DSM 3647) was isolated from an anaerobic sewage digester in Germany. Anaerobic methane-producing archeon. This organism is a strictly anaerobic, non-motile, methane-producing archaeon. This organism can also aggregate forming large irregular shaped clumps of cells. Occasionally these aggregates can grow to 1000 microns or more in diameter. Growth occurs at pH 5.5-8.0, with optimum growth at pH 6.8-7.2. Growth occurs at pH 5.5-8.0, with optimum growth at pH 6.8-7.2. Can be found in decaying leaf litter, garden soil, sewage treatment sludge digestors, black mud, feces of herbivores and other urban waste and sewage products.
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General Information: This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.