Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_009697 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_009697:2714668 Clostridium botulinum A str. ATCC 19397 chromosome, complete

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: Clostridium botulinum A ATCC 19397 (NCTC 4587, NCTC 7272) is a stock, type A toxin-producing, laboratory strain of known toxicity. Produces botulinum, one of the most potent toxins known. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin. Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium.


StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27146682715444777flagellar biosynthesis protein FliPQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27154282715835408flagellar biosynthesis domain-containing proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
271590827171701263chemotaxis motB proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27171632717975813chemotaxis MotA proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27179722718181210flagellar protein FlbDQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
271841527194521038flagellar hook protein flgEQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27195342719953420flagellar operon proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27199682720765798flagellar hook capping proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
272079527221831389flagellar hook-length control proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27221892722626438flagellar protein FliJQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
272273027240461317flagellar protein export ATPase FliIQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27240862724862777flagellar assembly protein FliHQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
272484627258591014flagellar motor switch protein GQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
272586627274461581flagellar MS-ring proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27274622727776315flagellar hook-basal body protein FliEQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27277882728222435flagellar basal body rod protein FlgCQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27283202728721402flagellar basal body rod protein FlgBQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27292932730147855flagellinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27302912730659369hypothetical proteinBLASTP
273119927325211323argininosuccinate lyaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
273254327337361194argininosuccinate synthaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP