Query: NC_009495:3309550 Clostridium botulinum A str. ATCC 3502 chromosome, complete genome
Start: 3309550, End: 3332099, Length: 22550
Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria
General Information: This strain is a well-studied Hall strain that produces type A toxin. Produces botulinum, one of the most potent toxins known. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin. Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium.
Islands with an asterisk (*) contain ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!
Subject Island | Start | End | Length | Subject Host Description | E-value | Bit score | Visual BLASTN | Visual BLASTP |
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NC_012563:3556763* | 3556763 | 3575339 | 18577 | Clostridium botulinum A2 str. Kyoto, complete genome | 0 | 3435 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010516:3368951* | 3368951 | 3392503 | 23553 | Clostridium botulinum B1 str. Okra, complete genome | 0 | 3380 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_014328:3747973* | 3747973 | 3770099 | 22127 | Clostridium ljungdahlii ATCC 49587 chromosome, complete genome | 2e-74 | 287 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010516:514000* | 514000 | 536233 | 22234 | Clostridium botulinum B1 str. Okra, complete genome | 1e-51 | 212 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010520:496500* | 496500 | 519306 | 22807 | Clostridium botulinum A3 str. Loch Maree, complete genome | 1e-51 | 212 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_012563:519037* | 519037 | 545821 | 26785 | Clostridium botulinum A2 str. Kyoto, complete genome | 1e-51 | 212 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010520:1146000 | 1146000 | 1168849 | 22850 | Clostridium botulinum A3 str. Loch Maree, complete genome | 3e-49 | 204 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_008262:2025699 | 2025699 | 2044081 | 18383 | Clostridium perfringens SM101, complete genome | 7e-47 | 196 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_003366:2143173 | 2143173 | 2165131 | 21959 | Clostridium perfringens str. 13, complete genome | 1e-45 | 192 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_020291:1149887 | 1149887 | 1172099 | 22213 | Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4(HMT), complete genome | 3e-27 | 131 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_020291:2873000* | 2873000 | 2891876 | 18877 | Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4(HMT), complete genome | 3e-27 | 131 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010674:2417199 | 2417199 | 2435099 | 17901 | Clostridium botulinum B str. Eklund 17B, complete genome | 4e-11 | 77.8 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_016012:879972* | 879972 | 902627 | 22656 | Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-rat-Yit, complete genome | 2e-10 | 75.8 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_008593:980731 | 980731 | 1005007 | 24277 | Clostridium novyi NT, complete genome | 1e-08 | 69.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_003454:63500* | 63500 | 107268 | 43769 | Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586, complete | 1e-08 | 69.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010003:2029416* | 2029416 | 2053890 | 24475 | Petrotoga mobilis SJ95, complete genome | 4e-08 | 67.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_014209:1487699* | 1487699 | 1511847 | 24149 | Thermoanaerobacter mathranii subsp. mathranii str. A3 chromosome, | 7e-07 | 63.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_003454:618290* | 618290 | 638315 | 20026 | Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586, complete | 7e-07 | 63.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_019978:2071435* | 2071435 | 2097593 | 26159 | Halobacteroides halobius DSM 5150, complete genome | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_012563:2925472 | 2925472 | 2964099 | 38628 | Clostridium botulinum A2 str. Kyoto, complete genome | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |
NC_010520:2860960 | 2860960 | 2880971 | 20012 | Clostridium botulinum A3 str. Loch Maree, complete genome | 3e-06 | 61.9 | BLASTN svg | BLASTP svg |