Pre_GI: SWBIT SVG BLASTP

Query: NC_017179:1133510 Clostridium difficile BI1, complete genome

Lineage: Peptoclostridium difficile; Peptoclostridium; Peptostreptococcaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: Clostridium difficile BI1 is a human strain isolated in the United States in 1988. This species is now recognized as the major causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis (inflammation of the colon) and diarrhea that may occur following antibiotic treatment. C. difficile infection represents one of the most common nosocomial (originating in a hospital) infections. This bacterium causes a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from mild, self-limiting diarrhea to serious diarrhea and, in some cases, complications such as pseudomembrane formation, toxic megacolon (dilation of the colon) and peritonitis, which often lead to lethality among patients. The bacteria produce high molecular mass polypeptide cytotoxins, A and B. Some strains produce only one of the toxins, others produce both. Toxin A causes inflammatory reaction involving hypersecretion of fluid and hemorrhagic necrosis through triggering cytokine release by neutrophils. Cytotoxin B depolymerizes actin, the major protein of the cytoskeleton, and thus aids in destruction of tissues. The combined action of the toxins results in necrosis of superficial epithelium and edema (fluidic swelling) in affected areas of intestine. Proliferation of C. difficile is normally prevented by normal intestinal microflora, which is believed to inhibit attachment of the bacterium and its toxins to intestinal walls. Alteration of intestinal microbial balance with antibiotic therapy and increased exposure to the bacterium in a hospital setting allows C. difficile to colonize susceptible individuals. Moreover, it has been shown that subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics promote increased toxin production by C. difficile.

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BLASTP Alignment.txt

Subject: NC_018664:1699618 Clostridium acidurici 9a chromosome, complete genome

Lineage: Gottschalkia acidurici; Gottschalkia; ; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: Clostridium acidiurici is an obligate anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that is motile and spore-forming. It can be isolated from almost every soil but can also be found in the intestinal tract of birds. It is able to use purines like uric acid as sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source to build ammonia, carbon dioxide and acetic acid. Unlike most other Clostridia it is a specialist and not able to grow on sugars or different other substrates than purines.