Query: NC_016751:1776669 Marinitoga piezophila KA3 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Marinitoga piezophila; Marinitoga; Thermotogaceae; Thermotogales; Thermotogae; Bacteria General Information: Country: Pacific Ocean; Environment: Deep sea, Hydrothermal vent, Marine; Isolation: deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney; Temp: Thermophile; Temp: 65C. Marinitoga piezophila was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney at a depth of 2630 meters on the East-Pacific Rise. This organism grows best at a pressure of 40 MPa. This organism is a member of the Thermatogales and has the characteristic morphology of one or more cells contained in a sheath-like envelope which extends beyond the cell wall.
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General Information: This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.