Query: NC_014774:1120383 Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum CLso-ZC1 chromosome, complete Lineage: Liberibacter solanacearum; Liberibacter; Rhizobiaceae; Rhizobiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This unculturable bacterium causes Zebra Chip disease of potato. The bacterium was identified in 2008 and named as "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" The disease causes million dollar loss in U.S. potato industry. Liberibacters are phloem-limited bacteria that are spread from infected to healthy plants. The species epithet 'solanacearum' refers to the family of plant hosts found to contain these organisms.
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General Information: This strain is the symbiont of the aphid Schizaphis graminum and contains a large circular chromosome. Aphid endosymbiont. Almost all aphids contain maternally transmitted bacteriocyte cells, which themselves contain bacteria called Buchnera. The aphids live on a restricted diet (plant sap), rich in carbohydrates, but poor in nitrogenous or other essential compounds. It is believed that the Buchnera provide the essential nutrients the host lacks. Besides a nutritional co-dependence, due to a co-existence of millions of years, Buchnera have lost the ability to produce cell surface components such as lipopolysaccharides. This makes for an obligate endosymbiont relationship between host and Buchnera. Buchnera are prokaryotic cells which belong to the gamma-Proteobacteria, closely related to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Phylogenetic studies using 16S rRNA indicate that the symbiotic relationship was established around 200-250 million years ago. Since Buchnera are closely related to Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae, comparative genomic studies can shed light on the evolutionary mechanisms of intracellular endosymbiosis as well as the different underlying molecular basis between organisms with parasitic behavior and symbionts.