Query: NC_014483:1431352 Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Paenibacillus; Paenibacillaceae; Bacillales; Firmicutes; Bacteria General Information: Paenibacillus polymyxa was isolated from soil and is a member of a group of free-living soil bacteria known to promote plant growth and suppress plant pathogens. Plants treated with Paenibacillus polymyxa have increased resistance to plant pathogens and increased drought resistance. This organism has been shown to produce a number of compounds with antifungal or antibacterial activity.
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General Information: The strain was isolated from a symbiotic association with the gymnosperm cycad Macrozamia sp. It typically grows in freshwater habitats. This genera of cyanobacteria are typically terrestrially-associated and are especially found in limestone or nutrient-poor soils. They are very similar to Anabaena spp. and historically they have been distinguished on the basis of morphological and life cycle characteristics. Nostoc spp. can grow heterotrophically or photoheterotrophically, and form heterocysts for nitrogen fixation. This organism can form nitrogen-fixing symbiotic relationships with plants and fungi such as the bryophyte Anthoceros punctatus. The relationship is relatively simple as compared to the Rhizobial symbiotic relationship. In the presence of the plant, hormogonia (short motile filaments) infect the plant, and then form long heterocyst-containing (nitrogen-fixing differentiated bacterial cells) filaments. The bacterial cell receives carbon sources in exchange for fixed nitrogen.