Query: NC_014364:2246524 Spirochaeta smaragdinae DSM 11293 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Spirochaeta smaragdinae; Spirochaeta; Spirochaetaceae; Spirochaetales; Spirochaetes; Bacteria General Information: Country: Congo; Environment: Oil fields; Isolation: Oil field of Congo, Africa; Temp: Mesophile; Temp: 35C. Spirochaeta smaragdinae was isolated from an oil field in Central Africa. The species is Gram-negative, motile, obligately halophilic and strictly anaerobic and is of interest because it is able to ferment numerous polysaccharides.
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General Information: This isolate was collected from a gerbil in central Asia. This organism was first identified by Edward Francis as the causative agent of a plague-like illness that affected squirrels in Tulare county in California in the early part of the 20th century. The organism now bears his name. The disease, which has been noted throughout recorded history, can be transmitted to humans by infected ticks or deerflies, infected meat, or by aerosol, and thus is a potential bioterrorism agent. This organism has a high infectivity rate, and can invade phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells, multiplying rapidly. Once within a macrophage, the organism can escape the phagosome and live in the cytosol. It is an aquatic organism, and can be found living inside protozoans, similar to what is observed with Legionella.