Query: NC_014218:4424 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum DSM 20595 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum; Arcanobacterium; Actinomycetaceae; Actinomycetales; Actinobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Temp: Mesophile; Temp: 37C; Habitat: Blood, Host. Non-motile, non-sporulating, rod-shaped facultative anaerobe. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum originally Corynebacterium was identified as the causative agent for pharyngitis in 1946. This organism has also been implicated in cases of sepsis, osteomyelitis and skin infections.
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General Information: This strain was isolated from a human skin biopsy in Brazil, and passaged in nude mice and armadillos. The bacterium is a close relative of M. tuberculosis. However, compared to the latter, the genome of M. leprae is smaller due to reductive genome evolution, with many important metabolic activities including siderophore production, part of the oxidative chain, most of the microaerophilic and anaerobic respiratory chains, and numerous catabolic systems and their regulatory circuits eliminated due to extensive recombination events between dispersed repetitive sequences. It is evident that this species has undergone massive genome reduction over time as a result of its parasitic nature, discarding more than half its genes and rendering it the most striking example of genome reduction in a microbial pathogen.