Query: NC_014032:71724 Salinibacter ruber M8 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Salinibacter ruber; Salinibacter; Rhodothermaceae; Bacteroidetes Order II; Bacteroidetes; Bacteria General Information: Salinibacter ruber (strain M8) is a brightly red-pigmented, motile, rod-shaped, extremely halophilic Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a saltern crystallizer pond in Mallorca, Spain. It grows optimally at salt concentrations between 20 and 30% and does not grow below 15% salt. S. ruber is among the most halophilic organisms known within the domain Bacteria. This organism is an extremely halophilic aerobe originally isolated from saltern crystallizer ponds in Spain. These bacteria can coexist in significant colonies with halophilic archaea under saline conditions. In contrast to other bacteria they do not regulate their intracellular salt conditions through proton pumps, but instead their protein makeup has adapted to be functional under high ionic conditions.
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General Information: This organism was first isolated from the soil in Vineland, New Jersey, although it is found worldwide. It is a large obligate aerobe that has one of the highest respiratory rates of any organism. Azotobacter vinelandii also produces a number of unusual nitrogenases which allow it to fix atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, a compound it can then use as a nitrogen source. It protects the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase enzymes through its high respiratory rate, which sequesters the nitrogenase complexes in an anoxic environment. This organism has a number of unusual characteristics. Under extreme environmental conditions, the cell will produce a cyst that is resistant to dessication and is surrounded by two capsular polysaccharide layers. This organism produces two industrially important polysaccharides, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and alginate. PHB is a thermoplastic biopolymer, and alginate is used in the food industry. Alginate is also used by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to infect the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.