Query: NC_013716:1138441 Citrobacter rodentium ICC168, complete genome Lineage: Citrobacter rodentium; Citrobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Citrobacter rodentium is the causative agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia in mice. This disease is characterized by a hyperproliferation of the epithelial cells in the colon similar to that found in humans suffering from idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. In addition this organism contains virulence factors similar to those found in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and enteropathogenic E. coli. C. rodentium are being used as models for studying mucosal response to infection, colon tumor production, and virulence associated with pathogenic E. coli.
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General Information: Bartonella henselae str. Houston-1 (ATCC 49882) was isolated from human blood in Houston Texas. Causative agent of cat scratch fever. This group of alpha proteobacteria are unique among pathogens in that they cause angiogenic lesions. This organism was identified as the causative agent of cat scratch fever, a disease found commonly in children or in immunocompromised adults. The proliferation of the vascular endothelium (bacillary angiomatosis) is characterisitic of Bartonella infection and results in multiplication of the bacterium's host cells. Infected macrophages are stimulated to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 1 beta, both of which promote angiogenesis. Endothelial cells are also stimulated to grow and divide by direct contact with bacterial cells. In addition, programmed cell death (apoptosis) of endothelial cells is inhibited, combatting a common mechanism eukaryotic cells use to deal with bacterial infection. Other pathogenicity factors include pili and outer membrane adhesins for attachment to host cells.