Query: NC_012781:2148478 Eubacterium rectale ATCC 33656, complete genome Lineage: Eubacterium rectale; Eubacterium; Eubacteriaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria General Information: Eubacterium rectale ATCC 33656 was isolated from human feces. This genus has been isolated as normal flora from feces, rumen, and periodontal tissue. Eubacterium spp. are thought to play a beneficial role in maintaining the normal ecology of the large intestine, in part by producing chemicals like butyric acid which act to inhibit the growth of other bacteria. These organisms are occasionally isolated from wounds and abscesses and may be an opportunistic pathogen. This genus has also been isolated from sewage and soil.
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General Information: Causative agent of plague. Specific virulence factors are encoded within pathogenicity islands (PAIs) that are required for the invasive phenotype associated with Yersinia infections. One key virulence plasmid contained by the three human-specific pathogens is pCD1/pYv, which encodes a type III secretion system for the delivery of virulence proteins that contribute to internalization into the host cell. It is the causative agent of plague (bubonic and pulmonary) a devastating disease which has killed millions worldwide. The organism can be transmitted from rats to humans through the bite of an infected flea or from human-to-human through the air during widespread infection. Yersinia pestis is an extremely pathogenic organism that requires very few numbers in order to cause disease, and is often lethal if left untreated. The organism is enteroinvasive, and can survive and propagate in macrophages prior to spreading systemically throughout the host. Yersinia pestis consists of three biotypes or serovars, Antiqua, Mediavalis, and Orientalis, that are associated with three major pandemics throughout human history. pMT1 encodes a protein, murine toxin, that aids rat-to-human transmission by enhancing survival of the organism in the flea midgut. Yersinia pestis also contains a PAI on the chromosome that is similar to the SPI-2 PAI from Salmonella that allows intracellular survival in the organism.