Query: NC_012483:848750 Acidobacterium capsulatum ATCC 51196, complete genome Lineage: Acidobacterium capsulatum; Acidobacterium; Acidobacteriaceae; Acidobacteriales; Acidobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Isolated from acidic mine drainage in Yanahara mine, Okayama, Japan. Acidophilic bacterium. This genus comprises a number of species commonly found in water reservoirs, microbial mats, many different soil types, marine and freshwater sediments, as well as in hot-spring mats and sediments, etc. Furthermore, they sometimes form the dominant group in a habitat. These bacteria are involved in the first step of destruction of biologically complex molecules produced by autotrophic (capable of synthesizing their own nutrients) microorganisms. Acidobacterium capsulatum is an aerobic, mesophilic, chemo-organotroph able to use a variety of carbon sources and to grow up to pH 6.0. The species comprises several strains characterized by orange pigmentation, production of menoquinones as their sole quinones, and branched-chain iso fatty acids as their cell envelope components.
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General Information: This strain was isolated in the USA from the soft tick Ornithodoros turicatae. Borrelia turicatae is the causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever in the southwestern USA. Ticks become infected with Borrelia while feeding on an infected mammal, usually a rodent or squirrel. Borrelia then multiplies rapidly, causing a generalized infection throughout the tick. While feeding, the tick passes the spirochete into a mammalian host through its infectious saliva. Relapsing fever is characterized by period of chills, fever, headache, and malaise, followed by an asymptomatic, followed by another episode of symptoms. The cycle of relapsing is due to changes in the surface proteins of Borrelia, which allow it to avoid detection and removal by the host immune system. This antigenic variation is the result of homologous recombination of silent proteins into an expressed locus, causing partial or complete replacement of one serotype with another. These plasmids carry genes involved in antigenic variation and pathogenicity.