Query: NC_012416:4973 Wolbachia sp. wRi, complete genome Lineage: Wolbachia; Wolbachia; Anaplasmataceae; Rickettsiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Endosymbiont. Obligate intracellular bacterium infects around 20% of all insect species. Naturally infects Drosophila simulans and induces almost complete cytoplasmic incompatibility in its host. Wolbachia sp. subsp. Drosophila simulans (strain wRi) is an intracellular proteobacterium that infect insects as well as isopods, spiders, scorpions, mites, and filarial nematodes. It is maternally inherited and induces reproductive alterations of insect populations by male killing, feminization, parthenogenesis, or cytoplasmic incompatibility. In insect populations, Wolbachia sp. induce reproductive manipulations to enhance their own spreading. The most frequently observed reproductive abnormality is cytoplasmic incompatibility, where uninfected females are unable to produce offspring with infected males, whereas infected females can produce offspring with both infected and uninfected males, thus creating a reproductive advantage for infected females. Other spectacular effects of Wolbachia sp. infections are male embryo killing, feminization, and parthenogenesis induction.
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General Information: Staphylococcus haemolyticus JCSC1435 was isolated from a Japanese inpatient at Juntendo Hospital, Tokyo, in 2000. This strain is a highly resistant strain which has been shown to generate spontaneous antibiotic sensitive mutants. Causes opportunistic infections in humans. Staphylcocci are generally found inhabiting the skin and mucous membranes of mammals and birds. Some members of this genus can be found as human commensals and these are generally believed to have the greatest pathogenic potential in opportunistic infections. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was originally isolated from human skin and traditionally considered to be a nonpathogenic commensal. Recently this organism has been recognized as a pathogen in animals and humans. It is known to be involved in opportunistic infections associated with the implantation of foreign bodies, paticularly in those with compromised immune systems. Resistance to multiple antibiotics has been observed in clinical isolates and it is possible S. haemolyticus could serve a donor or resistance genes to other more virulent staphlococci.