Query: NC_011901:3363500 Thioalkalivibrio sulfidophilus HL-EbGr7 chromosome, complete Lineage: Thioalkalivibrio sulfidophilus; Thioalkalivibrio; Ectothiorhodospiraceae; Chromatiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Obligately chemolithoautotrophic, haloalkaliphilic, mesophilic, microaerophilic and sulfur-oxidizing bacterium. Uses CO2 as a carbon source and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds as an energy source. Utilizes ammonium and urea, but not nitrate or nitrite, as a N-source. Isolated from a full-scale Thiopaq bioreactor in the Netherlands used to remove H2S from biogas. Thioalkalivibrio species are commonly isolated from soda lakes and tend to dominate the microbial community of hypersaline soda lakes. These organisms have a pH optimum of 10 and are able to oxidize hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur. Thioalkalivibrio species have also been isolated from sulfide oxidizing bioreactors which remove sulfide from refinery and natural gas.
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General Information: This strain is an isolate from an epidemic in China in the 1950s. A leading cause of dysentery. This genus is named for the Japanese scientist (Shiga) who first discovered these organisms in the 1890s. They are closely related to the Escherichia group, and may be considered the same species. These organisms are human-specific pathogens that are transmitted via contaminated food and water and are the leading causes of endemic bacillary dysentery, causing over 160 million cases of infection and 1 million deaths yearly worldwide. The bacteria infect the epithelial lining of the colon, causing acute inflammation by entering the host cell cytoplasm and spreading intercellularly. This extremely virulent organisms that can cause an active infection after a very low exposure. Both the type III secretion system, which delivers effector molecules into the host cell, and some of the translocated effectors such as the invasion plasmid antigens (Ipas), are encoded on the plasmid. The bacterium produces a surface protein that localizes to one pole of the cell (IcsA) which binds to and promotes actin polymerization, resulting in movement of the bacterium through the cell cytoplasm, and eventually to neighboring cells, which results in inflammatory destruction of the mucosal lining. This organism is the leading cause of dysentery in industrialized countries. The disease is usually less severe than other types of Shigella, causing mild diarrhea and dehydration.