Query: NC_011206:469901 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 53993, complete genome Lineage: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans; Acidithiobacillus; Acidithiobacillaceae; Acidithiobacillales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, formerly Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, is an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium that is able to grow at a pH range of 1.3 to 4.0. This organism is often identified in acid mine drainage and as a member of microbial consortia involved in bioleaching. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans has been identified as the dominant microorganism in percolation and continuous flow mineral leaching bioreactors.
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General Information: Country: United Kingdom; Environment: Ponds; Isolation: Water, most likely pond, Cambridge, UK, 1939; Temp: Mesophile. They form long filaments and can be found worldwide in various aquatic environments as well as some terrestrial ones. These bacteria can form a variety of differentiated cell types, including spore-like cells (akinetes), small motile filaments (hormongia) and most importantly, heterocysts that are nitrogen-producing cells. The heterocyst produces multiple layers outside of its cell wall, shuts down photosystem II in order to inhibit oxygenic photosynthesis and ramps up metabolism in order to use up the oxygen present. Heterocysts donate fixed nitrogen compounds as amino acids to neighboring cells and in return receive a photosynthetically produced carbon source such as sucrose. These organisms produce toxic blooms in aquatic environments that are harmful or fatal to animals and humans due to the various cyanotoxins they produce.