Query: NC_011147:529458 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A str Lineage: Salmonella enterica; Salmonella; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This strain is a clinical isolate collected from a child with paratyphoid fever in Karachi, Pakistan, 2004. This group of Enterobactericiae have pathogenic characteristics and are one of the most common causes of enteric infections (food poisoning) worldwide. They were named after the scientist Dr. Daniel Salmon who isolated the first organism, Salmonella choleraesuis, from the intestine of a pig. The presence of several pathogenicity islands (PAIs) that encode various virulence factors allows Salmonella spp. to colonize and infect host organisms. There are two important PAIs, Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2) that encode two different type III secretion systems for the delivery of effector molecules into the host cell that result in internalization of the bacteria which then leads to systemic spread.
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General Information: Normal human oral flora. Most streptococci are facultative anaerobes, and some are obligate anaerobes. Serologic grouping is based on antigenic differences in cell wall carbohydrates, in cell wall pili-associated protein, and in the polysaccharide capsule in group B streptococci. Streptococcus gordonii is a commensal member of the human oral flora. It initiates the formation of biofilms on tooth surfaces known as dental plaque, which is strongly associated with the development of dental cavities (caries) and gum disease. It is a frequent causative agent of bacterial endocarditis (inflammation of the membrane lining the heart) which often occurs as a result of oral trauma, allowing S. gordonii to invade the bloodstream and colonize the heart.