Query: NC_011047:255208 Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, complete genome Lineage: Phytoplasma mali; Phytoplasma; Acholeplasmataceae; Acholeplasmatales; Tenericutes; Bacteria General Information: Candidatus Phytoplasma mali strain AT was collected in Heidelberg, Germany from a symptomatic apple tree. Candidatus Phytoplasma mali belongs to a group of mycoplasma-like organisms (Mollicutes) that infect plants and insects. This organism causes the economically significant apple proliferation disease in Europe. This disease is characterized by floral and phloem necrosis, wilting or general plant decline. Candidatus Phytoplasma mali can also infect cherry, apricot and plum trees.
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General Information: This strain probably caused lethal anthrax in chimpanzee Leo in the rainforest of the Tai National Park, Cote d'Ivoire. It belongs to a collection of genetically closely related bacteria, isolated in 2001 and 2002 from deceased wild chimpanzees living in this rain forest area. An autopsy showed symptoms typical of anthrax, but the bacterium isolated was motile, unlike B.anthracis. This organism is a soil-dwelling opportunistic pathogen that causes food poisoning in infected individuals. The rapid onset is characterized by nausea and vomiting while the late onset is characterized by diarrhea and abdominal pain. The emetic disease is caused by a small stable dodecadepsipeptide cerulide whereas the diarrheal disease is caused by a heat labile enterotoxin. Some strains produce a potent cytotoxin that forms a pore in the membrane of eukaryotic cells and causes necrotic enteritis (death of intestinal epithelial cells) while the unique tripartite membrane lytic toxin hemolysin BL contributes to the diarrheal disease and destructive infections of the eye.