Query: NC_009376:2074325 Pyrobaculum arsenaticum DSM 13514 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Pyrobaculum arsenaticum; Pyrobaculum; Thermoproteaceae; Thermoproteales; Crenarchaeota; Archaea General Information: Pyrobaculum arsenaticum strain DSM 13514 was isolated from a hot spring at Pisciarelli Solfatara in Italy. Arsenate-reducing hyperthermophile. Pyrobaculum arsenaticum is able to grow both chemolithoautotrophically, using hydrogen as the electron donor, to reduce arsenate, thiosulfate, or elemental sulfur, and organotrophically, using arsenate and thiosulfate as electron acceptors. Pyrobaculum arsenaticum may play an important role in the cycling of arsenic and sulfur in hyperthermal environments.
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General Information: This is the type strain (DSM 4304) of the Archaeoglobales, and was isolated from a geothermally heated sea floor at Vulcano Island, Italy. Doubling time is four hours under optimal conditions. The organism is an autotrophic or organotrophic sulfate/sulfite respirer. An additional distinguishing characteristic is blue-green fluorescence at 420 nm. This bacterium is the first sulfur-metabolizing organism to have its genome sequence determined. Growth by sulfate reduction is restricted to relatively few groups of prokaryotes; all but one of these are Eubacteria, the exception being the archaeal sulfate reducers in the Archaeoglobales. These organisms are unique in that they are only distantly related to other bacterial sulfate reducers, and because they can grow at extremely high temperatures. The known Archaeoglobales are strict anaerobes, most of which are hyperthermophilic marine sulfate reducers found in hydrothermal environments. High-temperature sulfate reduction by Archaeoglobus species contributes to deep subsurface oil-well 'souring' by iron sulfide, which causes corrosion of iron and steel in oil-and gas-processing systems.