Query: NC_009138:1843998 Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans, complete genome Lineage: Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans; Herminiimonas; Oxalobacteraceae; Burkholderiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans was isolated from heavy metal contaminated sludge from an industrial water treatment plant. This organism has a number of mechanisms for metabolizing arsenic allowing it to effectively colonize arsenic-contaminated environments. A bacterium capable of oxidizing and reducing arsenic. This heterotrophic bacterium is capable of reducing and oxidizing arsenic with the objective of detoxification. Arsenic is both a product from natural sources and of human activities, and is widely distributed in the environment, essentially in 3 different oxidation states: As (-III) (arsine), As (+III) (arsenite) and As (+V) (arseniate). The ecology of this metalloid is strongly dependent on microbial transformations which affect the mobility and bioavailability as well as the toxicity of arsenic in the environment.
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General Information: Enterobacter species are found in natural environments such as water, sewage, soil, and vegetables; some species are found in human and animal species. Enterobacter cloacae is a prevalent nosocomial pathogen as it is highly resistant to disinfectants and antimicrobial agents. E.cloacae subsp. cloacae strain ATCC 13047 was isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid in 1890 and is the type strain. These "ICU bugs" cause significant morbidity and mortality, and infection management is complicated by multiple antibiotic resistance. These bacteria possess inducible beta-lactamases, which are undetectable in vitro but are also responsible for resistance during treatment.