Query: NC_008800:1497746 Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica 8081 chromosome, Lineage: Yersinia enterocolitica; Yersinia; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This isolate (strain 8081; NCTC 13174) is a mouse-lethal serotype of Yersinia enterocolitica that contains a high pathogenicity island (HPI) that encodes an iron uptake system (yersiniabactin) and a type II secretion system. Causes gastroenteritis. Specific virulence factors are encoded within pathogenicity islands (PAIs) that are required for the invasive phenotype associated with Yersinia infections. One key virulence plasmid contained by the three human-specific pathogens is pCD1/pYv, which encodes a type III secretion system for the delivery of virulence proteins that contribute to internalization into the host cell. This species is a food and waterborn pathogen that causes gastroenteritis (inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestine) and is able to proliferate at temperatures as low as 4 degrees C.
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General Information: Isolated from a case of meningitis. Causes opportunistic infections in hospitals. This bacterium is commonly isolated from the hospital environment and hospitalized patients. It is an aquatic organism, and is often cultured from liquid medical samples such as respiratory secretions, wounds, and urine. Acinetobacter also colonizes irrigating solutions and intravenous solutions. Although it has low virulence, it is capable of causing infection. Most isolates recovered from patients represent colonization rather than infection. When infections do occur, they usually occur in the blood, or in organs with a high fluid content, such as the lungs or urinary tract. Infections by this organism are becoming increasingly problematic due to the high number of resistance genes found in clinical isolates. Some strains are now resistant to all known antibiotics. Most of these genes appear to have been transferred horizontally from other organisms.