Query: NC_008786:4102606 Verminephrobacter eiseniae EF01-2, complete genome Lineage: Verminephrobacter eiseniae; Verminephrobacter; Comamonadaceae; Burkholderiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This species was isolated from the kidney of the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Evidence based on curing experiments, Acidovorax-specific probes, and 16S phylogeny, indicate that earthworm egg capsules contain high numbers of the bacterial endosymbiont. Juvenile earthworms are colonized during embryonic development within the egg capsule, and failing this are not likely to acquire the symbiont by association with colonized adults or their bedding.
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General Information: This organism was first isolated from the soil in Vineland, New Jersey, although it is found worldwide. It is a large obligate aerobe that has one of the highest respiratory rates of any organism. Azotobacter vinelandii also produces a number of unusual nitrogenases which allow it to fix atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, a compound it can then use as a nitrogen source. It protects the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase enzymes through its high respiratory rate, which sequesters the nitrogenase complexes in an anoxic environment. This organism has a number of unusual characteristics. Under extreme environmental conditions, the cell will produce a cyst that is resistant to dessication and is surrounded by two capsular polysaccharide layers. This organism produces two industrially important polysaccharides, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and alginate. PHB is a thermoplastic biopolymer, and alginate is used in the food industry. Alginate is also used by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to infect the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.