Query: NC_008542:2631138 Burkholderia cenocepacia HI2424 chromosome 1, complete sequence Lineage: Burkholderia cenocepacia; Burkholderia; Burkholderiaceae; Burkholderiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This organism (HI2424; BCC1) was isolated as part of a study to find this organism in natural environments. Samples taken from fields that were planted with onions in New York in 1999 and 2000 were examined and it was discovered that isolates were the same as ones that can infect CF patients. This species (genomovar III) is part of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, which consists of 9 closely related species, also known as genomovars. These organisms are commonly found in soil and all are opportunistic pathogens espcially in cystic fibrosis patients.
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General Information: This serogroup I strain was responsible for a major outbreak in France. Causes Legionnaire's disease. This organism is a non-marine bacterium usually found growing inside other organisms such as protozoans in aquatic environments. They can also be found in soil, freshwater, and in biofilms. The first outbreak of Legionnaire's disease occurred in 1976 at an American Legion convention and the resulting pneumonia-like disease resulted in 34 deaths. The cause of the disease was traced to Legionella bacteria. Once the bacteria are brought into the lungs they make contact with alveolar macrophages and are internalized where they can cause severe respiratory distress. Internalization occurs through specialized vacuoles (replicative phagosomes) that allow the bacteria to grow and replicate prior to escape from the macrophage. Formation of the replicative phagosome, which requires reprogramming of the normal phagosome maturation pathway, requires a type IV secretion system called the Dot/Icm system. This type IV system is closely related to the conjugative system of plasmid ColIb-P9, and is involved in the secretion of numerous protein components that aid in formation of the replicative phagosome. Other virulence determinants include a set of multidrug transporters and other efflux pumps for toxic compounds that may allow the organism to persist in its habitat, a set of LPS phase variable genes that enhance immune evasion, and a type II secretion system for transport of hydrolases.