Query: NC_008011:663958 Lawsonia intracellularis PHE/MN1-00, complete genome Lineage: Lawsonia intracellularis; Lawsonia; Desulfovibrionaceae; Desulfovibrionales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Lawsonia intracellularis PHE/MN1-00 was isolated from intestinal mucosal lesions in pigs that had proliferative enteropathy (PE). When introduced into health pigs, this organism produced the clinical and histological signs of PE. Causative agent for proliferative enteropathy in swine. This organism causes proliferative enteropathy (ileitis) in swine and other domesticated animals resulting in severe losses each year. This obligate intracellular pathogen infects the mucosa of the lower intestinal tract by initially infecting crypt cells, which are precursors that normally grow and divide in order to replace the epithelial cells. Once infection occurs, the crypt cells are stimulated to grow and divide abnormally, resulting in the proliferative phenotype. In severe cases of the disease the entire bowel can become affected and persist for up to 40 days, greatly affecting the host animal.
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General Information: This organism was isolated from the blood of wild rats and from fleas obtained from wild rats. Transmission of these organisms is often through an insect vector. Once in a host, this intracellular pathogen is internalized by an actin-dependent mechanism, and primarily targets endothelial cells, although other cells can be infected. The proliferation of the vascular endothelium (bacillary angiomatosis) is characterisitic of Bartonella infection and results in multiplication of the bacterium's host cells. Infected macrophages are stimulated to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 1 beta, both of which promote angiogenesis. Endothelial cells are also stimulated to grow and divide by direct contact with bacterial cells. In addition, programmed cell death (apoptosis) of endothelial cells is inhibited, combatting a common mechanism eukaryotic cells use to deal with bacterial infection. Other pathogenicity factors include pili and outer membrane adhesins for attachment to host cells. This organism is genetically related to Bartonella elizabethae which was isolated from a case of endocarditis in a human.