Query: NC_007912:1173752 Saccharophagus degradans 2-40, complete genome Lineage: Saccharophagus degradans; Saccharophagus; Alteromonadaceae; Alteromonadales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This strain is a marine gamma-proteobacterium that was isolated from decaying Spartina alterniflora, a salt marsh cord grass, in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 has been used to produce ethanol from plant material and may be useful for the production bioethanol. Bacterium able to degrade complex carbohydrates. Saccharophagus degradans is capable of degrading insoluble complex carbohydrates through the collective action of enzyme complexes found on its cell surfaces, utilizing the degradation products as a carbon source. This organism may be useful in bioremediation. The degradative enzymes this organism produces are typically exoenzymes that are collected and organized into large surface complexes termed cellulosomes.
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General Information: This genera consists of organisms typically found in the intestines of mammals, although through fecal contamination they can appear in sewage, soil, and water. They cause a number of infections that are becoming increasingly a problem due to the number of antibiotic resistance mechanisms these organisms have picked up. Both Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium cause similar diseases in humans, and are mainly distinguished by their metabolic capabilities. This opportunistic pathogen causes a range of infections similar to those observed with Enterococcus faecalis, including urinary tract infections, bacteremia (bacteria in the blood), and infective endocarditis (inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart). Hospital-acquired infections from this organism are on the rise due to the emergence of antiobiotic resistance strains and has led to the rise of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains due to the horizontal transfer of Enterococcus antibiotic resistance genes. Little is known about the virulence mechanisms in this organism, but the genome does encode an esp gene for the surface adhesin. Vancomycin resistant isolates are more typically Enterococcus faecium than Enterococcus faecalis.