Query: NC_005125:2811986 Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421, complete genome Lineage: Gloeobacter violaceus; Gloeobacter; ; Gloeobacterales; Cyanobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This organism was isolated from a calcereous (chalky) rock in Switzerland. Photosynthetic bacterium. This organism is an obligate photoautotroph that lacks thylakoid membranes and probably has its photosynthetic machinery in the cytoplasmic membrane with various components exposed to the periplasm whereas in other cyanobacteria the components are situated in the thylakoid membrane and are exposed to the cytoplasm. This unusual arrangement may be due to the lack of various fatty acids that are found in the thylakoid membrane in other cyanobacteria. It has been predicted that this organism was one of the earliest to diverge from the cyanobacterial line.
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General Information: They are commonly found in the oral, vaginal, and intestinal regions of many animals. They are important industrial microbes that contribute to the production of cheese, yogurt, and other products such as fermented milks, all stemming from the production of lactic acid, which inhibits the growth of other organisms as well as lowering the pH of the food product. Industrial production requires the use of starter cultures, which are carefully cultivated, created, and maintained, which produce specific end products during fermentation that impart flavor to the final product, as well as contributing important metabolic reactions, such as the breakdown of milk proteins during cheese production. The end product of fermentation, lactic acid, is also being used as a starter molecule for complex organic molecule syntheses. Lactobacillus rhamnosus is used in the manufacture of cheese and other dairy products to aid ripening and enhance flavors. This organism has also been shown to stimulate the immune system and have antibacterial activity against intestinal pathogens, indicating that it may be useful as a probiotic.