Query: NC_004461:277291 Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, complete genome Lineage: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcaceae; Bacillales; Firmicutes; Bacteria General Information: This strain is a non-biofilm-forming, non-infection associated strain used for detection of residual antibiotics in food products. Common skin bacterium. Staphylcocci are generally found inhabiting the skin and mucous membranes of mammals and birds. Some members of this genus can be found as human commensals and these are generally believed to have the greatest pathogenic potential in opportunistic infections. This organism is the most prevalent and persistent Staphylococcus species on human skin. Has emerged as a common cause of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, including catheter-associated infections and septicemia, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Resistant to many antibiotics including penicillins and cephalosporins.
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General Information: This strain was isolated from a case of relapsing fever in western Washington, USA. Borrelia hermsii is the causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever in the western United States and Canada. Borrelia then multiplies rapidly, causing a generalized infection throughout the tick. While feeding, the tick passes the organism into a mammalian host through its infectious saliva. Relapsing fever is characterized by a period of chills, fever, headache, and malaise, an asymptomatic period, followed by another episode of symptoms. This cycle of relapsing is due to changes in the surface proteins of Borrelia, which allow it to avoid detection and removal by the host immune system. This antigenic variation is the result of homologous recombination of silent proteins into an expressed locus, causing partial or complete replacement of one serotype with another. These plasmids carry genes involved in antigenic variation and pathogenicity.