Query: NC_002607:1868371 Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, complete genome Lineage: Halobacterium; Halobacterium; Halobacteriaceae; Halobacteriales; Euryarchaeota; Archaea General Information: Chemoheterotrophic obligate extreme halophilic archeon. This microbe (strain ATCC 700922) is an obligately halophilic archeon that has adapted to growth under conditions of extremely high salinity. Motility is via tufts of polar flagella and intracellular gas vesicles are used for buoyancy. This organism grow aerobically and its ease of culturing combined with the availability of established methods of genetic manipulation in the laboratory make it an ideal model organism for study of the archaea.
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General Information: This organism is found in adult humans and formula fed infants as a normal component of gut flora. Representatives of this genus naturally colonize the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and are important for establishing and maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal ecosystem to allow for normal digestion. Their presence has been associated with beneficial health effects, such as prevention of diarrhea, amelioration of lactose intolerance, or immunomodulation. The stabilizing effect on GIT microflora is attributed to the capacity of bifidobacteria to produce bacteriocins, which are bacteriostatic agents with a broad spectrum of action, and to their pH-reducing activity. Most of the ~30 known species of bifidobacteria have been isolated from the mammalian GIT, and some from the vaginal and oral cavity. All are obligate anaerobes belonging to the Actinomycetales, branch of Gram-positive bacteria with high GC content that also includes Corynebacteria, Mycobacteria, and Streptomycetes.