Query: NC_017501:543000 Neisseria meningitidis 8013, complete genome Lineage: Neisseria meningitidis; Neisseria; Neisseriaceae; Neisseriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: The second of two pathogenic Neisseria, this organism causes septicemia and is the leading cause of life-threatening meningitis (inflammation of the meninges, the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord) in children. This organism typically residies in the nasopharynx cavity but can invade the respiratory epthelial barrier, cross into the bloodstream and the blood brain barrier, and cause inflammation of the meninges. Pathogenicity factors include the surface proteins (porins and opacity proteins), and the type IV pilus (which is also found in Neisseria gonorrhoeae). This organism, like Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is naturally competent, and protein complexes at the cell surface recognize the uptake signal sequence in extracellular DNA, an 8mer that is found at high frequency in Neisseria chromosomal DNA.
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General Information: Moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging human-restricted unencapsulated gram-negative mucosal pathogen. For long considered to be a commensal of the upper respiratory tract, the bacterium has now firmly established its position as an etiological cause of otitis media (OM) and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is the third most common cause of childhood OM after Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, being responsible for up to 20% of the cases. Further, M. catarrhalis is the second most common cause of exacerbations of COPD after H. influenzae, being responsible for 10 to 15% of the exacerbations, annually accounting for 2 to 4 million episodes in the USA.