Query: NC_017303:1836500 Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis I19 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; Corynebacterium; Corynebacteriaceae; Actinomycetales; Actinobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This disease is found in all the world's major sheep and goat production areas, causing significant economic losses worldwide, mainly due to the reduction of wool, meat and milk yields, decreased reproductive efficiencies of affected animals and condemnation of carcasses and skins in abattoirs. In some cases, the infection produces few obvious clinical signs in the animal, remaining unrecognized until a post-mortem examination has been carried out and, making it difficult to obtain definitive data about prevalence of the disease.
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General Information: This organism was isolated from the blood of wild rats and from fleas obtained from wild rats. Transmission of these organisms is often through an insect vector. Once in a host, this intracellular pathogen is internalized by an actin-dependent mechanism, and primarily targets endothelial cells, although other cells can be infected. The proliferation of the vascular endothelium (bacillary angiomatosis) is characterisitic of Bartonella infection and results in multiplication of the bacterium's host cells. Infected macrophages are stimulated to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 1 beta, both of which promote angiogenesis. Endothelial cells are also stimulated to grow and divide by direct contact with bacterial cells. In addition, programmed cell death (apoptosis) of endothelial cells is inhibited, combatting a common mechanism eukaryotic cells use to deal with bacterial infection. Other pathogenicity factors include pili and outer membrane adhesins for attachment to host cells. This organism is genetically related to Bartonella elizabethae which was isolated from a case of endocarditis in a human.