Query: NC_015957:4525580 Streptomyces violaceusniger Tu 4113 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Streptomyces violaceusniger; Streptomyces; Streptomycetaceae; Actinomycetales; Actinobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Environment: Soil, Terrestrial; Temp: Mesophile. Streptomyces violaceusniger 16S rRNA gene clade form a gray aerial spore mass and a grayish-yellow substrate mycelium on oatmeal agar, and produce aerial hyphae that differentiate into spiral chains of rugose ornamented spores. The characteristic earthy smell of freshly plowed soil is actually attributed to the aromatic terpenoid geosmin produced by species of Streptomyces. There are currently 364 known species of this genus, many of which are the most important industrial producers of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites of antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumor nature, as well as immunosuppressants, antihypercholesterolemics, etc. Streptomycetes are crucial in the soil environment because their diverse metabolism allows them to degrade the insoluble remains of other organisms, including recalcitrant compounds such as lignocelluloses and chitin.
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General Information: This genus comprises a number of Gram-positive, acid-fast, rod-shaped aerobic bacteria and is the only member of the family Mycobacteriaceae within the order Actinomycetales. Like other closely related Actinomycetales, such as Nocardia and Corynebacterium, mycobacteria have unusually high genomic DNA GC content and are capable of producing mycolic acids as major components of their cell wall. Mycobacterium marinum is commonly found in fresh and salt water in North America. This bacterium, a close relative of M. tuberculosis, causes a tuberculosis-like disease in frogs, fish and other cold-blooded animals, and a peripheral granulomatous disease in humans. Human infections can be persistent and may lead to systemic infection and arthritis. M. marinum is photochromogenic, i.e. it produces bright yellow pigmentation (mainly beta-carotene) upon exposure to visible light. Infection is followed by a 2-8 week incubation period resulting in suppuration (pus) and organized ulcerating granulomas (tumorous lesions), predominantly localized in lymphatic and tendon sheaths, and cooler body tissues in the extremities.